![]() ![]() Every active site comprised a cysteine (Cys)-arginine (Arg)-aspartic acid (Asp) residue triad. The two active sites were situated proximal to the terminal β-strand C-terminals at a distance of 39 Å. The overall H1 structure comprised six and four alpha (α) helices and beta (β) strands, respectively, with a β-sheet sandwiched between the α2 and α3 to α6 helices on the sides. MPXV H1 comprised 171 residues with well-fitting electron densities, an asymmetric H1 molecule, and two symmetrically oriented H1 molecules forming butterfly-shaped and domain-swapped dimers. Among them, two human phosphatases were crystalized as dimers: human dual-specificity phosphatase (hDSP)-5 and 27 and their dimerization modes were compared. As a result, structures of 30 phosphatases were identified with significant structural similarity (Z scores >13). MPXV H1 coordinates were uploaded on the Dali server and searched for proteins with similarly structured proteins in the PDB (protein data bank) using the PDB50 subset. Subsequently, a structural comparison was performed with human protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)/DSP phosphatases. H1 structure was determined using the molecular replacement technique with the Vaccinia virus H1 structure as the search model. H1 was crystallized using the sitting-drop vapor diffusion technique and the crystals were subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis. ![]() H1 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (or DE3) cells and H1-expressing bacteria were lysed, following which the protein was subjected to chromatography analysis. The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) coding for H1 of the current 2022 MPXV outbreak MPXV_USA_2022_MA001 isolate was synthesized and cloned into an expression plasmid vector, verified by sequencing. In the present study, researchers studied the H1 crystal structure at 1.8 Å resolution to improve understanding of the MPXV H1-catalyzed dephosphorylation and develop a precise model for novel antiviral drug development. Importantly, HI is conserved among poxviruses and, thus, can be targeted to develop broad pan-antiviral agents. #A.T.O.M. ALPHA TEENS FOR MACHINES KING ACTIVATOR#H1 is essential for MPXV replication as it de-phosphorylates proteins such as A14, F18, A17, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and inhibits interferon (IFN) signaling. ![]() MPX case counts continue to increase by the hour globally, warranting the need for the development of effective antiviral therapeutic agents and vaccines to improve global preparedness for MPX and mitigate viral infections. Image Credit: The fox workshop/Shutterstock Study: Crystal structure of monkeypox H1 phosphatase, an Antiviral Drug Target. In a recent study posted to the bioRxiv* preprint server, researchers determined the 1.8-Å resolution crystal structure of the H1 dual specific phosphatase (DSP) of monkeypox virus (MPXV) is crucial for viral replication, making it an attractive antiviral target. The second season never aired in the United States.By Pooja Toshniwal Paharia Reviewed by Aimee Molineux. #A.T.O.M. ALPHA TEENS FOR MACHINES KING SERIES#The show ended on a huge cliffhanger (Jetix Europe confirmed in August 2007 that the series wouldn't be renewed for a third season, and also possibly for SIP Animation to focus on Combo Niños).The toyline from Hasbro is a replacement to the classic Action Man toyline, featuring versions of the characters (except for Lioness) and recreations of vehicles from the show.Season 2 (which never aired in the United States) features a very shocking and sneaky plot twist (which we won't mention here, you'll have to watch it to believe it!).Good voice acting from voice actors like Clancy Brown, Tom Kenny and James Arnold Taylor.Catchy music by SIP Animation composers Alain Garcia and Noam Kaniel.The fights are very clever and entertaining.The Alpha Teens Axel, Hawk, Shark, Lioness and King just happen to be regular plain old teenagers who manage to kick butt against the villains and use their vehicles in an action-packed matter. Much like with fellow-SIP show W.I.T.C.H., the Animation is very unique (Heck, it doesn't even look like something a Disney subsidiary would produce!) and is heavily inspired from Anime and Comic Books.In some countries the show is a spin-off to the Action Man toyline (abit in-name only) and known as Action Man A.T.O.M. Alpha Teens on Machines is an French/American animated series produced by SIP Animation and premiered on the US Jetix on August 27, 2005. ![]()
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